Ese imizigo yo mu mazi iragabanuka neza cyangwa nabi?

Ishusho iri hejuru igaragaza igereranya hagati y’umubare munini w’imizigo mu nzira nini zitandukanye mu minsi 90 ishize n’umubare w’imizigo muri Mutarama 2023, aho umubare w’imizigo uva muri Aziya y’Iburasirazuba ujya mu Burengerazuba no mu Burasirazuba bwa Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika wagabanutseho ibirenga 50%.

 

Kuki igipimo cy'ubwikorezi bwo mu mazi ari ingenzi?

Ikibazo ni ikihe ku kugabanuka gukabije kw'ibiciro by'imizigo yo mu mazi?

Ni izihe mpamvu zazanywe n'impinduka mu rutonde rw'ubucuruzi gakondo bw'amahanga n'ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka mu byiciro byacu bya siporo n'imyitozo ngororamubiri?

 

01

Ubucuruzi bwinshi ku isi bugerwaho binyuze mu gutwara imizigo mu mazi kugira ngo ikwirakwizwe, kandi kwiyongera kw'umuvuduko w'imizigo mu myaka mike ishize byateje ingaruka mbi ku bukungu bw'isi.

Nk’uko ubushakashatsi bw’imyaka 30 bwakozwe n’Ikigega Mpuzamahanga cy’Imari (IMF) bugaragaza ibihugu 143 n’uturere, ingaruka z’izamuka ry’umuvuduko w’imizigo yo mu mazi ku izamuka ry’ibiciro ku isi ni nyinshi cyane. Iyo umuvuduko w’imizigo yo mu mazi wikubye kabiri, umuvuduko w’ibiciro uziyongeraho amanota 0.7 ku ijana.

Muri byo, ibihugu n'uturere byishingikiriza cyane ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga kandi bifite urwego rwo hejuru rw'uruhererekane rw'ibicuruzwa ku isi bizaba bifite ibyiyumvo bikomeye by'izamuka ry'ibiciro bitewe n'izamuka ry'umuvuduko w'ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi.

 

02

Igabanuka rikomeye ry'umubare w'ibicuruzwa byo mu mazi bigaragaza nibura ibibazo bibiri.

Ubwa mbere, icyifuzo cy'isoko cyaragabanutse.

Mu myaka itatu ishize, bitewe n’ingaruka mbi z’icyorezo n’itandukaniro mu ngamba zo kugenzura, bimwe mu bicuruzwa (nk’imyitozo ngororamubiri yo mu rugo, imirimo yo mu biro, imikino, nibindi) byagaragaje ko hari ibintu byinshi cyane. Kugira ngo bahaze ibyo abaguzi bakeneye kandi badatsindwa n’abanywanyi babo, abacuruzi bihutira kwegeranya ibintu mbere y’igihe. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru y’izamuka ry’ibiciro n’ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa, mu gihe banakoresha cyane ibyo isoko rikeneye mbere y’igihe. Kuri ubu, hari ububiko bw’ibintu ku isoko kandi buri mu gihe cya nyuma cyo kwemererwa.

Icya kabiri, igiciro (cyangwa ikiguzi) ntabwo kikiri ikintu cyonyine kigena ingano y'ibicuruzwa.

Mu buryo bw’imitekerereze, ikiguzi cy’ubwikorezi bw’abaguzi bo mu mahanga cyangwa abacuruza ibicuruzwa byo mu mahanga ku mipaka kirimo kugabanuka, ibi bisa nkaho ari byiza, ariko mu by’ukuri, bitewe n’uko “abamonaki bake ari benshi”, ndetse n’imyumvire mibi y’abaguzi ku byo biteze ku nyungu, ubwinshi bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa ku isoko buragabanuka cyane, kandi ibintu bidashoboka kugurishwa bibaho rimwe na rimwe.

 

03

Ibiciro byo kohereza ibicuruzwa ntibizamuka cyangwa ngo bigabanuke. Ni iki kindi twakora kugira ngo twohereze ibicuruzwa byo mu rugo?

Ubwa mbere,ibikoresho bya siporo n'imyitozo ngororamubirisi ibicuruzwa bikenewe gusa, ahubwo si nganda zigenda zishira. Ingorane ni iz'igihe gito gusa. Igihe cyose dukomeje guteza imbere ibicuruzwa bihuye n'ibyo abaguzi bakeneye, kandi tugakoresha uburyo bukwiye bwo kwamamaza no kugurisha, bizagaruka vuba cyangwa nyuma.

Icya kabiri, ingamba zitandukanye zo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa n'inzira zo kwamamaza zigomba gukoreshwa ku bakora ibicuruzwa, abacuruzi b'ibirango, abacuruzi b'ubucuruzi bwo kuri interineti, n'ibigo by'ubucuruzi, hakoreshejwe uburyo bushya bwa "online + offline" mu igenamigambi no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa.

Icya gatatu, hamwe n’ifungurwa ry’imipaka y’igihugu, birumvikana ko mu gihe cya vuba aha, ahantu hahurira abantu benshi mu imurikagurisha ryabanje hazongera kugaragara. Amasosiyete n’amashyirahamwe y’imurikagurisha ry’inganda agomba gutanga inkunga ikomeye yo gushyira ibicuruzwa mu buryo bunoze hagati y’ibigo n’abaguzi.